Why a two-part navigation system matters
Bike touring navigation is not just about following a line on a screen. Adventure Cycling Association explains that a reliable backcountry navigation setup includes two essential pieces: your intended route and where you are along it, plus a “big picture” map showing nearby roads, trails, landmarks, and topography. That larger view helps you find the nearest main road in an emergency, plan a shortcut if you fall behind, or decide whether a detour is worth the extra miles.
Smartphone apps for bike touring navigation
According to Adventure Cycling Association, anyone with a smartphone can cover both navigation bases using free or low-cost GPS and mapping apps. These apps can import GPX route tracks and download maps for offline use, so you can navigate without phone or data service. Many also display elevation profiles and the locations of water sources, camping, and services along the way.
However, smartphone navigation drains batteries quickly. Adventure Cycling Association recommends carrying an extra power bank, or even two, to keep your phone charged through a full day of riding. Smartphones are also vulnerable to water, dust, and impacts, so keep them in a protective case or bag while on the trail.
Dedicated GPS devices
Adventure Cycling Association notes that dedicated GPS devices, usually mounted on the handlebars, offer similar functionality to smartphone apps but are more sturdy, waterproof, and have better battery life. These devices are a common choice for riders who want a rugged, purpose-built tool that can handle rough conditions without draining a phone’s battery. While they are an investment, they reduce the need to manage power banks and phone protection on longer trips.
Paper maps as a backup
Even with a GPS device or smartphone, Adventure Cycling Association advises carrying a paper map. Backcountry roads and trails are rarely marked with signs, and a paper map can be the best way to understand the big picture and make route adjustments on the fly. A paper map never runs out of battery, and it can serve as a reliable fallback if your primary navigation gets wet, broken, or lost. Our route navigation tips cover how to use both layers on the road.
Offline preparation is non-negotiable
Before you leave, download everything you might need: GPX files, overview maps, route notes, and any other digital resources. Adventure Cycling Association stresses that you should be able to navigate without any phone or data service. This is especially important in remote areas where cell coverage is spotty or nonexistent. The same preparation applies to satellite messengers: if you carry one, make sure your subscription is active, sync messages and settings, and let your emergency contacts know what to expect.
Adventure Cycling route maps
If you are riding an Adventure Cycling route, the organization has compiled everything into handy paper map sets. According to Adventure Cycling Association, these sets include route maps, service directories, and elevation profiles. The maps provide turn-by-turn directions, a route line to follow, and information about services along the way. They are designed to give you the confidence to explore without relying solely on electronics. You can learn more about the full range of navigation devices for bike touring and how they fit into your overall gear plan.
Power and charging strategies
Keeping devices charged is a constant challenge on multi-day tours. Adventure Cycling Association’s gear guide explains that portable USB power banks keep getting smaller, lighter, and cheaper. A single 10,000mAh power bank can charge a smartphone several times. To stretch your power supply further, keep your phone in airplane mode and the screen dimmed or off as much as possible.
For very remote trips with no resupply options, on-the-go charging might be necessary. Dynamo hubs generate power from the front wheel and are the most efficient but priciest option. Portable solar chargers are far cheaper and getting more efficient, though they can be awkward to attach to a bikepacking bag setup. The right choice depends on your route and how often you can stop in towns to recharge. For a broader look at all the gear categories, see our touring gear section.
Satellite messengers for emergency communication
Adventure Cycling Association points out that in many parts of the western US, it is common to be out of cell service range for most or all of a trip. Many riders carry a satellite messaging device that can contact emergency services even from remote places. This is an optional but highly recommended item, especially for solo travelers or routes with long gaps between towns. The bikepacking planning checklist suggests activating your subscription and syncing your device in the final two weeks before departure.
Building your navigation plan into the trip timeline
Adventure Cycling Association’s trip-planning checklist recommends that two to four weeks before you go, you review the route, make a navigation plan, and acquire maps or apps as needed. In the final two weeks, download and prepare offline resources such as maps, route notes, and emergency contact information. This timeline ensures you are not scrambling at the last minute and that your navigation tools are ready to go when you are. For a complete guide to assembling your touring kit, read our bike touring gear pillar article.
What to expect on backcountry routes
Adventure Cycling Association warns that you should not expect to find road signs or people to ask for directions on backcountry roads and trails. This is why a self-contained navigation system is so important. General road-routing apps that work well in cities may not show the unpaved roads, seasonal closures, or water sources you need in remote areas. Always use navigation tools that are designed for backcountry travel and that allow you to download detailed offline maps of the entire region, not just the route line.
Integrating navigation with your other gear
Your navigation devices are just one part of a larger electronics and safety system. Adventure Cycling Association’s gear essentials checklist includes a navigation device, charging cables and wall charger, power banks, and a satellite emergency messenger if desired. It also lists a headlamp, tail light, and spare batteries. When packing, keep heavy items like power banks and tools low and centered on the bike, and waterproof key electronics. For more on how to organize your load, visit our gear guide and the touring gear section.
Frequently asked questions
Can I rely only on my smartphone for bike touring navigation?
Yes, but with precautions. Adventure Cycling Association says smartphone apps can handle both route tracking and big-picture mapping, but they drain batteries quickly and are vulnerable to damage. You will need a power bank and a protective case, and you should always carry a paper map as a backup.
What should I do if my navigation device fails in a remote area?
Adventure Cycling Association advises having a backup navigation system. If your primary device fails, your paper map and knowledge of the big-picture overview can help you find the nearest main road or town. A satellite messenger can also let you call for help if you cannot self-rescue. Before your trip, study the regional map so you have a mental picture of the area.
How do I keep my devices charged on a multi-day tour?
Adventure Cycling Association recommends carrying one or more USB power banks, keeping your phone in airplane mode, and dimming the screen. On very remote trips, you might use a dynamo hub or portable solar charger. Plan your resupply stops so you can recharge in towns whenever possible.
To explore specific navigation tools and see how they fit into a complete touring setup, browse our navigation devices subcategory.
